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The Column 3, Line 6 contraception method is often misconstrued as insertion of crocodile dung against the cervix. In Column 3, Line 6 of the Papyrus, there are details of a contraception method involving the burning or sprinkling of crocodile dung. The womb is seen as the source of complaints manifesting themselves in other body parts, for which its fumigation is recommended, either by oils and incense or whatever the woman smells roasting, should it cause her to smell roasting. Treatments are non-surgical, comprising applying medicines to the affected body part or swallowing them. The text is divided into thirty-four sections, each section dealing with a specific problem and containing diagnosis and treatment no prognosis is suggested. The later Berlin Papyrus and the Ramesseum Papyrus IV cover much of the same ground, often giving identical prescriptions. It is kept in the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology of the University College London. Griffith in 1893 and published in The Petrie Papyri: Hieratic Papyri from Kahun and Gurob. It was found at El Lahun ( Faiyum, Egypt) by Flinders Petrie in 1889 and first translated by F. The Papyrus addresses gynecological health concerns, pregnancy, fertility, and various treatments. The Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus (also Petrie Medical Papyrus, Kahun Medical Papyrus, Lahun Medical Papyrus, or UC32057) is the oldest known medical text in Egyptian history, dated to c. Part of page 2 and page 3 of the Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus Trauma surgeons should keep the themes of the papyrus in their minds as a reminder to avoid bad practice and not to neglect published evidence.And part of page 2 of the Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus The Edwin Smith papyrus is an affirmation of the timeless need to think methodically and analytically in the trauma setting. The Egyptian medical establishment is known to have had nomenclature for junior and senior doctors. An ailment not to be treated implies the need for discussion with a senior colleague. A physician is encouraged to admit his limitations and concede defeat. Less commented on is a profound point that the author of the manuscript makes: there is no shame in knowing your limits. The papyrus thus calls attention to the importance of scoring injury severity, and for learning the necessary skills of triage. The physician is taught to classify patients by three verdicts: favourable, uncertain or unfavourable (an ailment not to be treated). Indeed the Egyptians' observations led to the use of mouldy bread in wound infections, millennia before Alexander Fleming extracted penicillin in 1928. They describe management of bone fractures, joint dislocations, pain relief and prevention of infection. In this 4000-year old papyrus, the Egyptians provide the first anatomical terms and descriptions of skull, skull sutures, brain, cerebrospinal fluid and meninges. Some of the case reports include explanatory notes for methods or medical terms described, translated as ‘gloss’. The scheme of the cases is logical, divided into case title, examination, diagnosis and treatment. More importantly, it is the first text in history with a clear-cut format for triage 2, 3, 5. The papyrus outlines the method of clinical examination centuries before Hippocrates and the schools of Greek medicine. Twenty-seven case reports relate to the management of head injuries and maxillofacial trauma, and six to neck and cervical spine injuries there is one case report on lumbar spine, five on chest injuries, and five on upper limb, collar bone and shoulder injuries 4. Of 48 surgical case scenarios, 34 concern management of trauma. Revealed for first time was the true nature of the script: an incomplete text describing 48 surgical cases and highlighting the sophistication of the ancient Egyptian approach to trauma. In 1905 Smith's daughter donated the artefact to the New York Historical Society, where it was translated by Henry Breasted, the director of the Oriental Institute of Chicago, and finally published in 1930. Despite an inexpert grasp of the hieratic language, he realized at once the intrinsic value of this document. Edwin Smith (or the ‘American Farmer of Egypt’ as he titled himself) was an antiquities dealer who bought the papyrus in 1862 from an Egyptian businessman in Luxor 1, 3.
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